The format and transmission of Usenet articles is similar to that of Internet e-mail messages. This is largely because the POTS network was typically used for transfers, and phone charges were lower at night. Many sites on the original Usenet network would connect only once or twice a day to batch-transfer messages in and out. Usenet was designed under conditions when networks were much slower and not always available. The later peer-to-peer networks operate on a similar principle, but for Usenet it is normally the sender, rather than the receiver, who initiates transfers. In this fashion, the article is copied from server to server and should eventually reach every server in the network.
Each news server talks to one or more other servers (its "newsfeeds") and exchanges articles with them. When a user posts an article, it is initially only available on that user's news server. Over several days, that conversation about different wine yeasts might branch into several sub-threads in a tree-like form. For example, in the wine-making newsgroup, someone might start a thread called "What's the best yeast?" and that thread or conversation might grow into dozens of replies long, by perhaps six or eight different authors. Most modern newsreaders display the articles arranged into threads and subthreads. The set of articles that can be traced to one single non-reply article is called a thread. In most newsgroups, the majority of the articles are responses to some other article.
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When a user subscribes to a newsgroup, the news client software keeps track of which articles that user has read. Or, talk.origins and talk.atheism are in the talk.* hierarchy. For instance, sci.math and sci.physics are within the sci.* hierarchy. The articles that users post to Usenet are organized into topical categories known as newsgroups, which are themselves logically organized into hierarchies of subjects. The name "Usenet" emphasizes its creators' hope that the USENIX organization would take an active role in its operation. It was originally built on the "poor man's ARPANET", employing UUCP as its transport protocol to offer mail and file transfers, as well as announcements through the newly developed news software such as A News. Usenet was conceived in 1979 and publicly established in 1980, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University, over a decade before the World Wide Web went online (and thus before the general public received access to the Internet), making it one of the oldest computer network communications systems still in widespread use.
The first commercial spam on Usenet was from immigration attorneys Canter and Siegel advertising green card services. The first Usenet group was NET.general, which quickly became net.general. The name Usenet comes from the term "users network". In the early 1990s, shortly before access to the Internet became commonly affordable, Usenet connections via Fidonet's dial-up BBS networks made long-distance or worldwide discussions and other communication widespread, not needing a server, just (local) telephone service. Usenet is culturally and historically significant in the networked world, having given rise to, or popularized, many widely recognized concepts and terms such as " FAQ", " flame", sockpuppet, and " spam". Individual users may read messages from and post messages to a local server, which may be operated by anyone. Usenet is distributed among a large, constantly changing conglomeration of news servers that store and forward messages to one another via "news feeds". Ī major difference between a BBS or web forum and Usenet is the absence of a central server and dedicated administrator. Discussions are threaded, as with web forums and BBSs, though posts are stored on the server sequentially. Usenet resembles a bulletin board system (BBS) in many respects and is the precursor to Internet forums that became widely used. Users read and post messages (called articles or posts, and collectively termed news) to one or more categories, known as newsgroups. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived the idea in 1979, and it was established in 1980. It was developed from the general-purpose Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) dial-up network architecture.
Usenet ( / ˈ j uː z n ɛ t/) is a worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers. Arrows between clients and servers indicate that a user is subscribed to a certain group and reads or submits articles. Arrows between servers indicate newsgroup group exchanges (feeds). The blue, green, and red dots on the servers represent the groups they carry.
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